6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

For purposes of performing its annual goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company applied the valuation techniques and assumptions to its professional and industrial segments as reporting units discussed in Note 2, above; and also considered recent trends in the Company’s stock price, implied control or acquisition premiums, earnings, and other possible factors and their effects on estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units.

The Company completed its most recent annual goodwill impairment assessment, as of September 30, 2023, and determined that its goodwill was not impaired. During the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the amount of discount inherent in the Company’s market capitalization as reported on the NYSE American exchange when compared with consolidated stockholders’ equity, or net book value, had increased since the annual goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, 2021; therefore, the Company performed an interim assessment of its goodwill for impairment as of December 31, 2021. The estimated fair values of its Professional Services and Industrial Services reporting units were adjusted based on qualitative and quantitative analysis so that they reconcile more precisely with the Company’s market capitalization as of December 31, 2021, plus an assumed control premium. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $2,150 during fiscal 2022.

Intangible Assets

The following tables set forth the costs, accumulated amortization and net book value of the Company’s separately identifiable intangible assets as of September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 and estimated future amortization expense.

Intangible assets that represent customer relationships are amortized on the basis of estimated future undiscounted cash flows or using the straight-line basis over estimated remaining useful lives of five to ten years. Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives of between five and ten years.